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Typhoon Nanmadol, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Yoyong,〔 was the last of four consecutive tropical cyclones to strike the Philippines in 2004. A quickly moving system, Nanmadol brought heavy rainfall and strong winds over the same regions impacted by the previous storms, exacerbating flood conditions in Luzon and surrounding regions. Together Nanmadol and these systems accounted for around 1,000 deaths in the Philippines. The typhoon later became the first December tropical cyclone to strike Taiwan since record keeping began, bringing along with it heavy rain, which also affected nearby regions of eastern China. As an extratropical storm, Nanmadol brought gusty winds and rain to Japan. Nanmadol developed from an isolated area of convection south-southwest of Pohnpei that became classified as a tropical depression on November 28. Within highly conducive conditions for development, the system reached tropical storm intensity the following day, followed by typhoon intensity on November 30. Quickly pacing towards the north-northwest about the periphery of a nearby subtropical ridge, Nanmadol reached its peak intensity on December 1 with winds of 165 km/h (105 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 935 mbar (hPa; 27.61 inHg). Shortly after, the typhoon made landfall at a similar intensity on Casiguran, Aurora, quickly moving over Luzon before reaching the South China Sea, where it recurved northward into hostile atmospheric conditions. Over the next few days, Nanmadol weakened and later transitioned into an extratropical cyclone near Taiwan on December 4, whereafter it merged with another extratopical system. With the typhoon approaching landfall in an area still recovering from previous storms, relief agencies already servicing the region were forced to allocate additional resources to prepare for Nanmadol. Evacuation efforts assisted in moving almost 100,000 people into shelters. Effects from Nanmadol were most severe in Cagayan Valley, where 14 people were killed. Power outages were widespread across several islands. Overall, damage from the typhoon in the Philippines totaled ₱2.23 billion (US$39.3 million). Heavy rainfall, peaking at , was documented in Taiwan. Agricultural damage in Taiwan alone reached NT$670 million (US$20.8 million). Similar effects were felt in Japan, where the remnants of Nanmadol produced record-breaking rainfall and wind. Damage was particularly significant in Aichi Prefecture, totaling JP¥69.8 million (US$680,000). Overall, Nanmadol resulted in 77 fatalities and US$60.8 million in damage across three countries. ==Meteorological history== The progenitor to Typhoon Nanmadol was first noted by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) as an isolated cluster of thunderstorms roughly south-southwest of Pohnpei at 2200 UTC on November 27, 2004. With convection consolidating about a potential center of circulation, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the broad system as a tropical depression the following day. Rapid development of storms and organization ensued following classification, spurred by favorable conditions. Tracking northwestward due to the presence of a nearby subtropical ridge to its north,〔 the depression continued to strengthen, reaching tropical storm intensity on November 29 while south-southeast of Guam.〔 At this point the tropical cyclone was assigned the name ''Nanmadol''.〔 Conducive atmospheric conditions around Nanmadol on November 29 led to the development of a central dense overcast, followed shortly thereafter by the formation of an eye.〔 Nanmadol was upgraded to severe tropical storm intensity at 0000 UTC on November 30 and became a typhoon twelve hours later,〔 tracking near Satawal, Woleai, and Yap State during this intensification phase.〔 Following the upgrade to typhoon status, intensification briefly slowed but continued soon thereafter. At 0600 UTC on December 1, Nanmadol reached peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 165 km/h (105 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 935 mbar (hPa; 27.61 inHg), still east of the Philippines. The typhoon maintained this strength for roughly twelve hours before slightly weakening as it neared Luzon.〔 At approximately 1200 UTC on December 2,〔 Nanmadol made landfall near Casiguran, Aurora with winds of 140 km/h (85 mph). Due to the rapid motion of Nanmadol, the typhoon crossed Luzon in under six hours, emerging into the South China Sea before 1800 UTC on December 2.〔 Though land interaction with the Philippines did not significantly affect the cyclone, a shortwave trough forced Nanmadol to sharply curve northward, bringing it into hostile atmospheric conditions within the Luzon Strait.〔 At 0000 UTC on December 3, the JMA downgraded Nanmadol to severe tropical storm status.〔 Increased wind shear and the advection of dry air further weakened the tropical cyclone, and by midday on December 3, the storm's center of circulation became decoupled from the rest of the convection.〔 At 2340 UTC that day, Nanmadol made landfall near Fangliao, Pingtung in Taiwan, becoming the first December tropical cyclone to strike the island in 108 years of record-keeping.〔〔 Roughly six hours later on December 4, the JMA determined that Nanmadol had transitioned into an extratropical cyclone.〔 These remnants soon merged with another low-pressure area, creating a more powerful system that later tracked over Japan.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Typhoon Nanmadol (2004)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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